Research methodology

Language Rich Europe project, the first part of the survey questionnaire
the official documents regarding the different languages ​​in the participating countries and regions
and the availability of the data base was examined. It is our belief that,
The lack of official documentation to support linguistic pluralism and
said that the database which provides a breakdown of the available languages
subject countries and regions çokdillilikl related to the formation of a consciousness
and it will lead to the development of better educational policy.
Language Rich Europe data, the European Council (EC) official records,
and regional / minority languages ​​related to the European Convention
policies and reports based on the provisions in this area
embodiments of us have been able to remove the map.
Language and documents relating to the official languages ​​policy provisions
There are two main research questions for the 24 countries and regions
responses are presented in Table 1. Local / concerning minority languages
law provisions in the majority of countries surveyed
The provisions related to foreign language is present in 14 countries / regions, immigrants
In relation to language it is only available in five countries. National language
documents relating to the official languages ​​policy research related to foreign language
All participating countries / regions present, local / of minority languages
about 19 countries / regions, and only four are related to migrant languages
It is available in the country.


Table 1: surveyed, 24 country / language laws and official documents related provisions in the region



Linguistic pluralism in Europe, as referred to in Section 1.1
One of the most important documents in support of the Council of Europe
Regional / minority languages ​​to the European Convention. This contract
Europe's cultural heritage on the one hand with regional / minority languages
protect and develop the other side of which is arranged for
the individuals who speak those languages ​​in both public and private in person
It is to provide the use of spaces. Above all, and
important that all states in their jurisdiction Agreement
used local / be observed regarding the use of minority languages
It should establish principles and objectives. Second, contract local /
promote the use of minority languages ​​in the public domain and
contains concrete measures should be taken to encourage.
Benefits such conventionally used in local / minority
language through migration in recent years including the tongue and the national
different dialects of the language is not included. This agreement with local / minority
as far as possible in the language of education, audio-visual media
and media outlets, legal and administrative, economic
and social life, and its use in cultural activities
It is intended to support and promote.
11 Convention of 18 countries surveyed parliament
that it has signed French and Italian governments. Bulgaria,
Estonia, Greece, Lithuania, and what this contract in Portugal
nor was it signed. The ratification of this Convention
from one conflict with the country's constitution and the principle of reason
It is shown. Table 2 official documents and local / minority
which languages ​​to languages ​​in each country according to the European Convention
It recognized that offers information that is maintained and developed.
Reads the Council of Europe website for more information
may look. Relevant information is continuously updated.
Table 2: Regional / minority languages ​​in 18 countries, the official recognition, protection and support


CAPITALS: ONLY COUNTRY IN THE OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
italics: the official documents of the country and regional / European Charter for Minority Languages ​​(YADAS) the provisions





Language of regional / minority languages ​​in accordance with the European Convention for
recognition and / or protection means will be used in education
It does not. Table 3, according to national law in each country
or regional / minority languages ​​in accordance with the European Convention for the official
It serves as the distribution of languages ​​taught.
Table 3: taught as formal education institutions in 18 countries, regional / minority languages
CAPS are: TRAINING PROVIDED BY COUNTRY ONLY OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
Italics: the official documents of the country and regional / European Charter for Minority Languages ​​(YADAS) provided with training provision



Language training presented in Table 3. As seen in
There are serious differences. In general, the greatest number of regional / minority
language teaching in South-East European and Central European countries
It is maintained. France and other Western European countries except Italy
This situation is different. Regional / minority languages ​​in Europe
Agreement on the 'regional' and 'minority' concepts are belrsizlik
migrant languages ​​include, but are markedly these definitions
were excluded (Extra & Gorter, 2008: 31). Western Europe
country immigrant languages ​​in regional / multi compared to minority languages
more diffuse and has a marked location, but much less
being recognized, it is protected and supported. Although
Turkish-speaking children in primary schools in Thrace
If you were given training at the Turkish Language Rich Europe participating in the project
Greece between countries no regional / minority official language
recognition and are not being taught. According to official documents
training is actually non-existent language taught in schools
and information on the situation in the period in which our research
Section 2.3 and 2.5 are available.
Both population groups in other countries in Europe
defined in the database and for the detection of
differences regarding the type available. These databases on language
They may include single or multiple questions. The situation in Europe
Regarding the Poulain (2008) the population held across the country
censuses, administrative records and a distinction between statistical surveys
He serves. Censuses (usually five or ten years), certain
When data is maintained in the range of countries and for the general
form bases. Administrative records generally center
It is being held at the local government level and on a regular basis every year
and even updated on a monthly basis (for example, registration in the Netherlands
updated monthly). Statistical surveys
regularly at certain intervals for certain population groups
It is repeated. All three types of data collection methods for different components
It may contain. Table 4 surveyed 24 countries in the region
and a general condition for the application process.


Table 4: Country or region across national, regional / compilation of data on minority and immigrant languages ​​and application methods



Data for many countries and regions, as seen in Table 4 languages
with the collection of applications and many national languages, local /
Three different types of target languages, including minority and immigrant languages
receive. No data collection in 24 countries and regions in five
method is not applicable. These countries are Austria, many minority
Although the language with Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, the Netherlands
and Greece. Portugal only collect data related to the national language.
Table 5 wide-ranging research and nationwide
general questions on language in their census conducted
It offers a breakdown. Among the survey questions related to language
It turns out that there are differences. Extra (2010) nationwide
language used in large-scale surveys conducted,
the validity of the question as the main language and home language spoken at home
questioned. Australia where English is the dominant language of the society,
Large countries such as the United States and Canada
comprehensive census as the data obtained from research
Extra utilizing "mother tongue" question the validity of the question lowest
While "the language used at home" to question the validity of the highest questions
that suggests (to define the relevant explanatory
You can see the glossary in the mother tongue and ecdadindan-language). Europe
countries seem to understand the situation because research
More than half of the participating countries the "language used at home" question
It is ask. Most of the questions asked about the use of language in Switzerland
It appears to be conspicuous. The main language used in particular
regarding asked "Which considering the language and know the best?"
the question is very interesting. As a final comment on this matter,
24 countries / regions only 11 questions about language skills
It is asked. The problem in the type of responses to this question
According to the format shows changes; sometimes "Yes / No"
sometimes skill-oriented "Could you do that?" and sometimes "How good
can you do? "There are questions about the degree of skill types.
Consequently, data bases existing in European countries and
used to create them and methods of administering the
Among the questions asked it seems to be considerable differences.
From a European perspective, and awareness about çokdillilikl
To increase awareness, language planning on actual data
and to be able to do comparative research across Europe
for the exchange of ideas and experience in this area to be shared
You are needed.