It is stated that today more than 6800 different languages spoken in the world. The number of languages spoken by more than a million people 2200. However, those who are just entering the busiest language class 300 of them. The most widely spoken first language and the number of 12 speakers in the world are as follows:
1 Chinese
# 1 among Chinese is the most spoken language in the world. A total of 1.3 billion people in the world speaks Chinese.
2. English
The world as we know in English as 2nd language is among the most widely spoken language. It is the most widely spoken language although English is the common language feature. 427 million people speak English.
3. Spanish
3. Spanish language most spoken language in the world. 266 million people speak Spanish.
4. Hindi
In Hindi, the official language with English as their native language of the Indian languages spoken in most cases have taken 4th place. 260 million people speak Hindi.
5. Turkish
Ural - Altaic family located in the Altai language group, which is one of the richest in the world is the most widely spoken language Turkish language 5. In the case. Turkish Eastern Turkistan from the majority of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus talks to Central Asia, including 220 million in Turkey.
6. Arabic
Turkey Ranked # 6 is followed by Arabic. 181 million people speak Arabic.
7. Portuguese
Portuguese is the most spoken language in the world in # 7. 165 million people speak Portuguese.
8. Bengali
Bengali The ranks 8th most spoken language in the world ranking. The 162 million people speak Bengali.
9. Russian
Russian is ranked 9th among the most spoken languages. Russian is spoken by 158 million people.
10 Japanese
# 10 Japanese are taking place. Of the total 124 million people speak Japanese.
11. German
German '# 11 of the most widely spoken languages. 121 million people speak German.
12 French
One of the most difficult languages in Europe is the French language is one of the most spoken languages and is taking the place # 12. A total of 116 million people speak French in the world.
Language in pre-school education
■ Many EU and CoE documents the importance of early language learning
he emphasizes. Pre-primary level, surveyed from 24 countries /
of the 14, by the state in the national language for all children
It provides additional support funded. Netherlands and Ukraine
The tense distinguishes it.
■ This level of foreign language requirement, partially or completely
Parents / guardians Although funded by the 7 countries / regions
is presented by: Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Basque Country,
Bulgaria, Catalonia, Estonia, Spain and Ukraine. The English,
French and German are the languages most widely offered.
■ Regional / minority languages in 17 countries / regions served by
and conditions usually state / region funded
It is. The minimum number to form a group in some countries
It has the condition. The largest regional / minority language diversity in Austria,
Hungary, Italy, Romania and the Ukraine offered.
■ preparation of pre-school education in immigrant languages yet
It is not frequent enough. However, appropriate teachers
and the difficulty of determining the learning materials
Even so, three countries (Denmark, Spain and Switzerland) are very young
protection of children and their origin language and culture
It offers support for the development. In Denmark, national,
regional or local funding for all the costs of these programs
while meeting the funds related to the source-country in Spain and Switzerland,
In the framework of bilateral agreements it is partially meet the cost.
■ Offering the only country in the whole language type Early language learning
Spain.
he emphasizes. Pre-primary level, surveyed from 24 countries /
of the 14, by the state in the national language for all children
It provides additional support funded. Netherlands and Ukraine
The tense distinguishes it.
■ This level of foreign language requirement, partially or completely
Parents / guardians Although funded by the 7 countries / regions
is presented by: Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Basque Country,
Bulgaria, Catalonia, Estonia, Spain and Ukraine. The English,
French and German are the languages most widely offered.
■ Regional / minority languages in 17 countries / regions served by
and conditions usually state / region funded
It is. The minimum number to form a group in some countries
It has the condition. The largest regional / minority language diversity in Austria,
Hungary, Italy, Romania and the Ukraine offered.
■ preparation of pre-school education in immigrant languages yet
It is not frequent enough. However, appropriate teachers
and the difficulty of determining the learning materials
Even so, three countries (Denmark, Spain and Switzerland) are very young
protection of children and their origin language and culture
It offers support for the development. In Denmark, national,
regional or local funding for all the costs of these programs
while meeting the funds related to the source-country in Spain and Switzerland,
In the framework of bilateral agreements it is partially meet the cost.
■ Offering the only country in the whole language type Early language learning
Spain.
Language Rich Europe Administrative Council
Dr. Juan Pedro de Basterrechea, Budget and Sales Director of the Cervantes Institute
Guus Extra Professor, Chair, Department of Language and Minorities, Tilburg University
Professor Mário Filipe, Vice President, Camões Institute
Martin Hope, British Culture Department Director of Benelux and the EU
Thomas Huddleston, Policy Analyst, Migration Policy Group
Simon Ingram-Hill, Hungary Manager (since September 2012), the British Association
Tony Jones, Senior Advisor, Innovative English Language, English Culture
Elite King, 'Language Company' Director
Ulla-Alexandre Mattle, Co-ordinator, Eunice Brussels
Xavier North, General Representative of the French Language and Languages of France Delegation
Aneta Quraishy, Senior Project Manager, British Culture
Joseph Sheils, Council of Europe Language Education and Policy Division (former) President
Wolf von Siebert, Project Manager, Language and Compliance Department, Goethe-Institut
Liliana Szczuka-Dorna, Department of Modern Languages, Poznan University of Technology
Guus Extra Professor, Chair, Department of Language and Minorities, Tilburg University
Professor Mário Filipe, Vice President, Camões Institute
Martin Hope, British Culture Department Director of Benelux and the EU
Thomas Huddleston, Policy Analyst, Migration Policy Group
Simon Ingram-Hill, Hungary Manager (since September 2012), the British Association
Tony Jones, Senior Advisor, Innovative English Language, English Culture
Elite King, 'Language Company' Director
Ulla-Alexandre Mattle, Co-ordinator, Eunice Brussels
Xavier North, General Representative of the French Language and Languages of France Delegation
Aneta Quraishy, Senior Project Manager, British Culture
Joseph Sheils, Council of Europe Language Education and Policy Division (former) President
Wolf von Siebert, Project Manager, Language and Compliance Department, Goethe-Institut
Liliana Szczuka-Dorna, Department of Modern Languages, Poznan University of Technology
Languages in secondary education
It is presented during general education or training before.
Denmark, Italy and Ukraine under any circumstances in this regard
It reported that they provide.
■ As expected, lower survey conducted all countries / regions
and a senior secondary education foreign language courses.
However, significant differences in the number of foreign languages offered,
diversity in foreign language, foreign language skills in monitoring,
Evaluation of the levels obtained using the clıl'n and
to occur in the very use of the aoöç'n.
■ Both the lower and senior secondary education level two foreign
the countries whose language is mandatory only in Austria, Estonia, France,
Poland, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland.
■ As expected, the survey carried out in all countries / regions
target parallel to aoöç'y for participation in foreign language
more of the primary schools in secondary schools
formalized and is necessary to achieve levels of these 13
stated the obvious: B2 first foreign language, while the second B1
is a widely accepted level for proficiency in foreign languages.
■ R / M languages, 19 countries / regions by secondary education
It is presented. Countries that offer these languages / regions
Denmark, England, Estonia, Greece and Poland.
■ language skills obtained in 18 countries / regions, or national / regional
or when viewing through school-based tests, only Italy
It has reported that there is no monitoring. Austria and Wales
standard to obtain the target not determine all other
Countries / regions are setting a goal. All countries / regions
They provide free foreign language for all students.
■ Few countries / regions, immigrant language requirement systematic
as it provides (in pre-school and primary education 3 5
country / region). While in secondary education from 24 countries / regions from positive
8 respondents in Austria, Denmark, England, Estonia,
France, the Netherlands, Scotland and Switzerland.
■ full state funding for immigrant language in Austria, Denmark,
England, is provided in the Netherlands and Scotland. France and Switzerland
In providing funding immigrant students from the country of origin,
In Estonia, parents meet the cost. The immigrant language
In both primary and secondary education should offer only
countries / regions: Austria, Denmark, France and Switzerland.
■ The most commonly offered foreign languages English, German and French
Although Europe is more like Spanish and Italian
languages are also available. Arabic, Croatian, Polish, Russian
and some migrant languages as elective foreign language Turkish
It is presented. France and the Netherlands with Turkish Arabic
lessons in secondary school exam status as a solid
It has. Russian or Eastern European countries in a regional / minority
language or foreign language is offered extensively covered.
■ Primary as in regional / minority languages
While it is widely taught foreign language in the CLIL
It is much less common; common practice in France alone
notifying the other 14 countries / regions has localized examples.
■ Foreign language teachers are well qualified. Estonia alone with North
General classroom teachers in Ireland are taught in a foreign language.
■ little more than primary education secondary education for Mobility
There are structural support; Austria and Catalonia teachers
the scope of pre-service and in-service training abroad
He said that they had a semester. Other 17 countries / regions
to promote teacher mobility and financial
It supports. On the other hand, Estonia, France, Italy,
Teachers in the target language countries, Portugal and Romania
It is less likely to spend time.
■ In line with EU and CoE recommendations, many foreigners in the country
Having reached a certain level of proficiency of language teachers
is required and that proficiency levels in 8 countries / regions
AOÖÇ measured based on the level: the most commonly requested C1
It emerges as a level appropriate B2 Basque Country
It is considered.
■ In some countries / regions where there is a shortage of foreign language teachers
and appropriate professional qualifications in recruiting people of foreign
qualifying as language teachers to encourage private
precautions are taken. Foreign language teachers in employment
The most active countries / regions in Scotland, the Basque Country, England,
Romania and Switzerland. All of these countries foreign language
teachers are hired at least three of the four language categories.
Languages in Primary Education
■ Both the EU by both coeur, all young Europeans children
they live in the country's national language / bilingual, in addition to language
should learn. Primary school in Italy and outside Ukraine
All the countries / regions for new arrivals to learn the national language
to offer extra support.
■ all countries except Wales / regions in primary foreign
language has reported the condition. Denmark and Greece both foreign
language when necessary, in 18 countries / regions in a foreign language requirement
There. England, Northern Ireland and Scotland foreigners
language is optional.
■ foreign languages, the primary survey carried out in 12 countries
taught from the first year of primary education is ortaaş experimental stages in 7 countries
and only the Netherlands, Scotland and primary education in Switzerland
taught at the final stage.
■ Britain, France and Germany the most common foreign languages
It is emerging as the country is taught. In many cases,
One of these languages must take compulsory for all students
It is discussed. Italian, Russian and Spanish compulsory
or are the other languages offered as an elective foreign language.
■ Should Stick Content and Language Learning (Content and Language
Integrated Learning-CLIL) in Spain to foreign languages alone
widely used, this approach is not systematic
the other 13 countries / regions are used.
■ More countries policies and approaches of foreign language education
for their own national / regional standards, even if they have received basic
in 7 countries / regions for the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
(AOÖÇ) stated openly that they use. AOÖÇ,
foreign language learning of this age group in A1 / A2 target
unless otherwise specified.
■ Regional / minority (R / M) languages, except Denmark and Estonia 22
country / region is served. R / M language classes and R / M languages
in other subjects taught through lectures in 20 countries /
Regardless of the language history in the area is open to all students.
However, Bulgaria and Greece, the languages that are native
Students are targeted. Offered in a range of languages and countries / regions
It is rich; Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania,
Romania and Ukraine 4 or more R / M language or course
or as often as an educational tool offers. 12 countries /
clıl'y widely reported that the use of other 6
They stated that they use in some areas.
■ Only 5 countries / regions, immigrant languages at primary level
It reported that they offer. These are Austria, Denmark, France,
Spain and Switzerland (Zurich canton). France and Switzerland '
immigrant language classes are open to all students from Austria,
These classes are native speakers of immigrant languages in Denmark and Spain
For those who are separated. Spain and Switzerland partly lessons
while in class hours, this course in other countries
It offered as extracurricular activities. Language skills
Although immigrants followed the development in all countries
success in language, national, regional or school-based
not associated with the standard. Migrants die in course
Austria and Denmark entirely by state
are financed, France, Spain and Switzerland in this course
mostly supported by the country of origin.
■ qualified language teachers for the teaching of languages in primary education
employment in surveyed countries / regions is as follows:
, 16 of 24 countries in the national language, R / M languages in 17 out of 22 countries,
5 of 14 from 23 countries in foreign languages and immigrant languages
2 out of the country. Austria, Britain, France, Italy, the Netherlands,
Northern Ireland, Scotland and Switzerland usually foreign languages
classes are taught by qualified teachers. Immigrant languages
Except, most pre-service and in-service training
country / it is common in the region.
■ an open space for the development of teaching a foreign language teacher
mobility is: 24 countries / regions from 9 to no support in this area
they do not have, except Catalonia and Switzerland in the field of structural
It reported that they have their teacher mobility programs.
Foreign language teachers, a higher level of linguistic and
the country of the language they teach you to achieve the cultural competence
spend a long time should be further encouraged.
■ Some countries / regions, the recruitment of foreign language teachers
take active measures to increase. Basque Country, Denmark,
Estonia and Switzerland employ national language teachers.
Bulgaria, Denmark, England, Frizland, Hungary, Lithuania
and Ukraine employ extra teachers of foreign languages.
Of the surveyed countries / regions none of the active
immigrant language teachers, there is no employment.
they live in the country's national language / bilingual, in addition to language
should learn. Primary school in Italy and outside Ukraine
All the countries / regions for new arrivals to learn the national language
to offer extra support.
■ all countries except Wales / regions in primary foreign
language has reported the condition. Denmark and Greece both foreign
language when necessary, in 18 countries / regions in a foreign language requirement
There. England, Northern Ireland and Scotland foreigners
language is optional.
■ foreign languages, the primary survey carried out in 12 countries
taught from the first year of primary education is ortaaş experimental stages in 7 countries
and only the Netherlands, Scotland and primary education in Switzerland
taught at the final stage.
■ Britain, France and Germany the most common foreign languages
It is emerging as the country is taught. In many cases,
One of these languages must take compulsory for all students
It is discussed. Italian, Russian and Spanish compulsory
or are the other languages offered as an elective foreign language.
■ Should Stick Content and Language Learning (Content and Language
Integrated Learning-CLIL) in Spain to foreign languages alone
widely used, this approach is not systematic
the other 13 countries / regions are used.
■ More countries policies and approaches of foreign language education
for their own national / regional standards, even if they have received basic
in 7 countries / regions for the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
(AOÖÇ) stated openly that they use. AOÖÇ,
foreign language learning of this age group in A1 / A2 target
unless otherwise specified.
■ Regional / minority (R / M) languages, except Denmark and Estonia 22
country / region is served. R / M language classes and R / M languages
in other subjects taught through lectures in 20 countries /
Regardless of the language history in the area is open to all students.
However, Bulgaria and Greece, the languages that are native
Students are targeted. Offered in a range of languages and countries / regions
It is rich; Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania,
Romania and Ukraine 4 or more R / M language or course
or as often as an educational tool offers. 12 countries /
clıl'y widely reported that the use of other 6
They stated that they use in some areas.
■ Only 5 countries / regions, immigrant languages at primary level
It reported that they offer. These are Austria, Denmark, France,
Spain and Switzerland (Zurich canton). France and Switzerland '
immigrant language classes are open to all students from Austria,
These classes are native speakers of immigrant languages in Denmark and Spain
For those who are separated. Spain and Switzerland partly lessons
while in class hours, this course in other countries
It offered as extracurricular activities. Language skills
Although immigrants followed the development in all countries
success in language, national, regional or school-based
not associated with the standard. Migrants die in course
Austria and Denmark entirely by state
are financed, France, Spain and Switzerland in this course
mostly supported by the country of origin.
■ qualified language teachers for the teaching of languages in primary education
employment in surveyed countries / regions is as follows:
, 16 of 24 countries in the national language, R / M languages in 17 out of 22 countries,
5 of 14 from 23 countries in foreign languages and immigrant languages
2 out of the country. Austria, Britain, France, Italy, the Netherlands,
Northern Ireland, Scotland and Switzerland usually foreign languages
classes are taught by qualified teachers. Immigrant languages
Except, most pre-service and in-service training
country / it is common in the region.
■ an open space for the development of teaching a foreign language teacher
mobility is: 24 countries / regions from 9 to no support in this area
they do not have, except Catalonia and Switzerland in the field of structural
It reported that they have their teacher mobility programs.
Foreign language teachers, a higher level of linguistic and
the country of the language they teach you to achieve the cultural competence
spend a long time should be further encouraged.
■ Some countries / regions, the recruitment of foreign language teachers
take active measures to increase. Basque Country, Denmark,
Estonia and Switzerland employ national language teachers.
Bulgaria, Denmark, England, Frizland, Hungary, Lithuania
and Ukraine employ extra teachers of foreign languages.
Of the surveyed countries / regions none of the active
immigrant language teachers, there is no employment.
Further and higher education languages
■ New / From the collected data, which is participating in the 67 cities
the largest 69 Vocational and Technical Training (VET) from the center
It is directly collected: national languages are quite well supported:
basically 30 national languages of the 69 VET institutions surveyed
to support a wide range of advanced communication skills
It offers programs. 24 institutions with limited diversity
programs while, no surveyed 15 institutions
It does not provide support.
■ 62 from VET institutions surveyed 69 foreign language courses
offer are: 15 of them, more than 4 foreign language is taught,
22 25 1-2 3-4 and from the foreign language taught from foreign
He stated that the language taught. 41 institutions of basic language skills
A wide range of advanced programs while 18 alone
It offers basic language skills. 26 institutions, their programs
It applies in accordance with AOÖÇ.
■ Regional / 13 from 25 VET institutions offering minority languages
meet the full cost. Survey administered 3 VET
In all corporate R / M, offering language courses in the countries / regions
Basque Country, Catalonia, Hungary, Northern Ireland and Wales.
Immigrant languages, the survey only 4 of governmental institutions
(Austria, England, Italy and Wales in each institution
including) are presented.
■ As expected, foreign languages include English, French,
German and Spanish with some countries / regions in the R / M language,
Russian are important languages are offered as a foreign language in others.
Arabic is also offered in some VET institutions. Local /
minority languages, mostly countries with multiple official languages /
It is presented by region.
■ New / From the data collected, countries / regions inter-65
general / public are gathered in the university. As expected,
The survey targeted all over Europe in our cities applied
in most cases their community college students
actual language and because it is the official state language education in the national language
provide. However, the universities surveyed
other languages may also be used in the majority.
■ universal international mobility of students and staff
and many different groups of students desire to pull Europe
The English brought the university to be a second language.
Many textbooks are written in English.
■ as recommended by the European institutions is very high
number of non-university language offers language courses to students.
The wide range of foreign languages offered, 31 universities
(Almost half of the surveyed college) students
4 to serve more foreign languages. Surveyed
8 languages other languages to students from non-lonely
It does not offer the opportunity to learn. Actual acquisition of these courses
It is beyond the scope of this study.
■ Almost all universities and international students
It is devoting special effort to attract. Also thereof
half to attract students with an immigrant background at home
It reported that they show a conscious effort.
■ Student mobility by European universities
financially supported. However, the survey applied
10 of these universities only foreign language (the language öğrencilerilis
students) mobility program for students
It made mandatory.
the largest 69 Vocational and Technical Training (VET) from the center
It is directly collected: national languages are quite well supported:
basically 30 national languages of the 69 VET institutions surveyed
to support a wide range of advanced communication skills
It offers programs. 24 institutions with limited diversity
programs while, no surveyed 15 institutions
It does not provide support.
■ 62 from VET institutions surveyed 69 foreign language courses
offer are: 15 of them, more than 4 foreign language is taught,
22 25 1-2 3-4 and from the foreign language taught from foreign
He stated that the language taught. 41 institutions of basic language skills
A wide range of advanced programs while 18 alone
It offers basic language skills. 26 institutions, their programs
It applies in accordance with AOÖÇ.
■ Regional / 13 from 25 VET institutions offering minority languages
meet the full cost. Survey administered 3 VET
In all corporate R / M, offering language courses in the countries / regions
Basque Country, Catalonia, Hungary, Northern Ireland and Wales.
Immigrant languages, the survey only 4 of governmental institutions
(Austria, England, Italy and Wales in each institution
including) are presented.
■ As expected, foreign languages include English, French,
German and Spanish with some countries / regions in the R / M language,
Russian are important languages are offered as a foreign language in others.
Arabic is also offered in some VET institutions. Local /
minority languages, mostly countries with multiple official languages /
It is presented by region.
■ New / From the data collected, countries / regions inter-65
general / public are gathered in the university. As expected,
The survey targeted all over Europe in our cities applied
in most cases their community college students
actual language and because it is the official state language education in the national language
provide. However, the universities surveyed
other languages may also be used in the majority.
■ universal international mobility of students and staff
and many different groups of students desire to pull Europe
The English brought the university to be a second language.
Many textbooks are written in English.
■ as recommended by the European institutions is very high
number of non-university language offers language courses to students.
The wide range of foreign languages offered, 31 universities
(Almost half of the surveyed college) students
4 to serve more foreign languages. Surveyed
8 languages other languages to students from non-lonely
It does not offer the opportunity to learn. Actual acquisition of these courses
It is beyond the scope of this study.
■ Almost all universities and international students
It is devoting special effort to attract. Also thereof
half to attract students with an immigrant background at home
It reported that they show a conscious effort.
■ Student mobility by European universities
financially supported. However, the survey applied
10 of these universities only foreign language (the language öğrencilerilis
students) mobility program for students
It made mandatory.
Languages in business
■ LRA, to investigate the language strategy of the company, working elements
priority to language training and to learn whether or not they support,
also in communication with clients and advertising material
It developed a questionnaire used to determine the language selection.
Investigation criteria are divided into three main groups: the company's overall language
strategy, internal language and non-language strategies strategies.
■ Data in all countries / regions, a number found in city
and selected the company collected a total of 484 companies surveyed
It was applied. Goal 4 as the business sector (banks, hotels, construction
companies and supermarkets) have been selected. Overall, participants
The number of hotel more relative when compared to other sectors
Although the sector has achieved a good balance high.
■ In the area of general language strategies, the implementation of the company survey
While one in four distinct strategies applied to language,
More than half are considering language in recruitment.
The one-fourth of the companies developing intercultural awareness
for language learning and mobility regular staff
It is encouraging. However, 70% of staff language
It is to keep a record of skills and very little in language learning
Benefit from EU programs.
■ common language in terms of language training, surveys administered company
27% of business English, for those who have different mother tongue 14%
support and assistance in other languages as national languages in 12%
It has been reported. A relatively small percentage, reward for language learning
and it has promotional plan. These are the common 11%
In the business English, while only 5% of the national language and other
languages. Staff to improve their language skills
The number of companies forming partnerships with the education sector, moderate
levels are: one quarter for regular or occasional English
17% for non-native speakers of the national language and the other 14%
It cooperates with the education sector for languages.
■ survey administered just under the company's future in the industry
external communication in business English as the common language in addition to national
using up to 30% of the national language and in their own web site
Use of other languages in addition to English.
■ In sorted order, German, Russian, French, Spanish
and Italian companies in the survey in English
then is the most common language used, the internal market in Europe
It reflects the power. Chinese, Japanese, Arabic and
Turkish (higher prioritization can be expected
Despite their languages) surveyed some companies
by önemsenip it is supported.
priority to language training and to learn whether or not they support,
also in communication with clients and advertising material
It developed a questionnaire used to determine the language selection.
Investigation criteria are divided into three main groups: the company's overall language
strategy, internal language and non-language strategies strategies.
■ Data in all countries / regions, a number found in city
and selected the company collected a total of 484 companies surveyed
It was applied. Goal 4 as the business sector (banks, hotels, construction
companies and supermarkets) have been selected. Overall, participants
The number of hotel more relative when compared to other sectors
Although the sector has achieved a good balance high.
■ In the area of general language strategies, the implementation of the company survey
While one in four distinct strategies applied to language,
More than half are considering language in recruitment.
The one-fourth of the companies developing intercultural awareness
for language learning and mobility regular staff
It is encouraging. However, 70% of staff language
It is to keep a record of skills and very little in language learning
Benefit from EU programs.
■ common language in terms of language training, surveys administered company
27% of business English, for those who have different mother tongue 14%
support and assistance in other languages as national languages in 12%
It has been reported. A relatively small percentage, reward for language learning
and it has promotional plan. These are the common 11%
In the business English, while only 5% of the national language and other
languages. Staff to improve their language skills
The number of companies forming partnerships with the education sector, moderate
levels are: one quarter for regular or occasional English
17% for non-native speakers of the national language and the other 14%
It cooperates with the education sector for languages.
■ survey administered just under the company's future in the industry
external communication in business English as the common language in addition to national
using up to 30% of the national language and in their own web site
Use of other languages in addition to English.
■ In sorted order, German, Russian, French, Spanish
and Italian companies in the survey in English
then is the most common language used, the internal market in Europe
It reflects the power. Chinese, Japanese, Arabic and
Turkish (higher prioritization can be expected
Despite their languages) surveyed some companies
by önemsenip it is supported.
Audiovisual media and language in the press
■ Our researchers to understand the linguistic diversity in the media,
Polls best-selling newspapers in the city we apply
According to national radio and television are offered throughout the week
We wanted to save the language. The participating countries / regions
Most radio and television broadcasts other than some national language
It offers a language. Catalonia, television broadcasting in
foreign, regional / minority and immigrant languages, including rich
It provides a variety of languages. Hungary and Italy radio
publication provides more than 10 languages.
■ dubbing (dubbing) and subtitle previous findings in terms of the LRA
compared with research: Nearly half of the countries / regions
mainly using the dubbing application, the other half is mostly
It offers subtitles. Using television and film dubbing
countries / regions: Austria, Catalonia, Hungary, Italy, North
Ireland, Poland and Spain. TV and cinema lower
Countries using text / regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark,
England, Estonia, Frizland, Greece, Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Scotland, Switzerland and Wales. Other countries / regions
subtitles of a channel program, which is dubbed the other
and a mixed approach.
■ in each country / region of cities we applied survey
the largest buffet in the newspaper and train station
the availability of context, all researchers to buffet
and increasingly available in different languages to train station
They made a list of the different newspapers. Then, a certain
and linguistic landscape photograph place to achieve instant in time
applied methodology. Overall, the most common English
German newspapers, some from French, Russian and
Italian respectively. Arabic and Turkish newspapers also
location is important.
■ recognition of sign language and the major media event
The status of sign language has also been investigated. Sign language Basque
Region, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Poland and other except
all countries / regions recognized as official in / supported.
People who are deaf, the surveyed countries / regions
Always sign language for official contacts with officials in half
they can use. Signage in major media events
Estonia has always possibilities for the other nine countries / regions
It is available on a regular basis. However, Italy, Poland and
Researchers absence of these facilities in Romania
It is indicated by.
Polls best-selling newspapers in the city we apply
According to national radio and television are offered throughout the week
We wanted to save the language. The participating countries / regions
Most radio and television broadcasts other than some national language
It offers a language. Catalonia, television broadcasting in
foreign, regional / minority and immigrant languages, including rich
It provides a variety of languages. Hungary and Italy radio
publication provides more than 10 languages.
■ dubbing (dubbing) and subtitle previous findings in terms of the LRA
compared with research: Nearly half of the countries / regions
mainly using the dubbing application, the other half is mostly
It offers subtitles. Using television and film dubbing
countries / regions: Austria, Catalonia, Hungary, Italy, North
Ireland, Poland and Spain. TV and cinema lower
Countries using text / regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark,
England, Estonia, Frizland, Greece, Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Scotland, Switzerland and Wales. Other countries / regions
subtitles of a channel program, which is dubbed the other
and a mixed approach.
■ in each country / region of cities we applied survey
the largest buffet in the newspaper and train station
the availability of context, all researchers to buffet
and increasingly available in different languages to train station
They made a list of the different newspapers. Then, a certain
and linguistic landscape photograph place to achieve instant in time
applied methodology. Overall, the most common English
German newspapers, some from French, Russian and
Italian respectively. Arabic and Turkish newspapers also
location is important.
■ recognition of sign language and the major media event
The status of sign language has also been investigated. Sign language Basque
Region, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Poland and other except
all countries / regions recognized as official in / supported.
People who are deaf, the surveyed countries / regions
Always sign language for official contacts with officials in half
they can use. Signage in major media events
Estonia has always possibilities for the other nine countries / regions
It is available on a regular basis. However, Italy, Poland and
Researchers absence of these facilities in Romania
It is indicated by.
Language in the public service and space
■ public language policies and strategies at the level of city
languages have been investigated in services offered. Also,
city representatives, education, health, society, law, transportation,
written by theater program for migration and tourism
and reported that the current language in verbal communication.
■ A total of 63 cities questionnaire. Each of these cities
the capital city as the selection criteria in a country, the second largest
city and a city where there is regional language / town
that was used. Our researchers reported that
According collectively all cities in 140 languages other than the national language
provide services.
■ Approximately one-third of the surveyed cities, multilingualism
an institutionalized widely applied for support
It has strategy. Likewise, surveys administered cities
multilingual services offered half of the widely used
reported. Only 10 of the 63 cities surveyed from multilingual
services are providing. 23 cities, business staff
In adopting the definition to include language skills, 18
staff to provide extensive language training. Data
According to the most advanced policies respectively 5 cities Vienna,
Barcelona, London, Milan and Krakow.
■ The condition multilingual tourism, migration and integration, legal services
(verbal communication) and transport services (written communication) of the field.
Health services are also widely available in a range of languages.
The lowest level of multilingual services in the cultural sector and political
discussions / decisions is not. In educational services, training
many are not fluent in the official language of the country they receive
Students (and parents) to schools across Europe
as one would expect, given the continued
It is at high level.
■ Most of the 17 cities with more than 4 in the language of the above services,
It offers them the 23 cities in 3 or 4 languages. Most language
The city offers the most oral communication services respectively
London, Aberdeen, Glasgow, Madrid, Valencia, Zurich, Milan,
Belfast is Barcelona and Lugano.
■ positive for the lower number of written communications services in the city
response, while most services are only 4 to 6 in more languages
The 27 reported that 3 or 4 languages available. This is the city
documents to be provided in multiple languages, on-site interpreting and
suggesting that the mediation of less space.
■ English, in all cities surveyed except the national language
Search on for oral and written language services are widely offered and
respectively, then German, Russian, French and Spanish
It comes. Chinese and Arabic also served in a number of cities
It is emerging as a high priority languages. Welsh, Catalan
and public services in the regions where they are spoken Basque
widely used. The most frequently reported in the public service
Results for language, those obtained for the language of newspapers
It is very similar.
■ means we can interest verbal in the public service and space
and it is that basically three types of target groups for written communication:
a) international travelers, businessmen and tourists b) immigrants
groups, and c) regional / minority language speakers and readers.
■ Many cities on the websites, the national language alongside English
It is the main language. German and French in our survey
we practice is quite common in cities. Some second
major capital cities than in the same national context
It has more multilingual website. For example, in Rome alone
Italian and presenting information in English, industrialized
Milan near the Italian provides information in 8 different languages. The same
phenomenon observed in Krakow, Poland, to Warsaw.
Likewise, the Internet of regional cities surveyed
The most commonly used languages in addition to the national language website
English.
languages have been investigated in services offered. Also,
city representatives, education, health, society, law, transportation,
written by theater program for migration and tourism
and reported that the current language in verbal communication.
■ A total of 63 cities questionnaire. Each of these cities
the capital city as the selection criteria in a country, the second largest
city and a city where there is regional language / town
that was used. Our researchers reported that
According collectively all cities in 140 languages other than the national language
provide services.
■ Approximately one-third of the surveyed cities, multilingualism
an institutionalized widely applied for support
It has strategy. Likewise, surveys administered cities
multilingual services offered half of the widely used
reported. Only 10 of the 63 cities surveyed from multilingual
services are providing. 23 cities, business staff
In adopting the definition to include language skills, 18
staff to provide extensive language training. Data
According to the most advanced policies respectively 5 cities Vienna,
Barcelona, London, Milan and Krakow.
■ The condition multilingual tourism, migration and integration, legal services
(verbal communication) and transport services (written communication) of the field.
Health services are also widely available in a range of languages.
The lowest level of multilingual services in the cultural sector and political
discussions / decisions is not. In educational services, training
many are not fluent in the official language of the country they receive
Students (and parents) to schools across Europe
as one would expect, given the continued
It is at high level.
■ Most of the 17 cities with more than 4 in the language of the above services,
It offers them the 23 cities in 3 or 4 languages. Most language
The city offers the most oral communication services respectively
London, Aberdeen, Glasgow, Madrid, Valencia, Zurich, Milan,
Belfast is Barcelona and Lugano.
■ positive for the lower number of written communications services in the city
response, while most services are only 4 to 6 in more languages
The 27 reported that 3 or 4 languages available. This is the city
documents to be provided in multiple languages, on-site interpreting and
suggesting that the mediation of less space.
■ English, in all cities surveyed except the national language
Search on for oral and written language services are widely offered and
respectively, then German, Russian, French and Spanish
It comes. Chinese and Arabic also served in a number of cities
It is emerging as a high priority languages. Welsh, Catalan
and public services in the regions where they are spoken Basque
widely used. The most frequently reported in the public service
Results for language, those obtained for the language of newspapers
It is very similar.
■ means we can interest verbal in the public service and space
and it is that basically three types of target groups for written communication:
a) international travelers, businessmen and tourists b) immigrants
groups, and c) regional / minority language speakers and readers.
■ Many cities on the websites, the national language alongside English
It is the main language. German and French in our survey
we practice is quite common in cities. Some second
major capital cities than in the same national context
It has more multilingual website. For example, in Rome alone
Italian and presenting information in English, industrialized
Milan near the Italian provides information in 8 different languages. The same
phenomenon observed in Krakow, Poland, to Warsaw.
Likewise, the Internet of regional cities surveyed
The most commonly used languages in addition to the national language website
English.
Three Language Formula and multi-lingualism
Multilingualism in the EU alone to promote respect üçdillilik
It is not supported. UNESCO in 1999. "multilingual education" statement
mother tongue, a regional or national language and an international language to be
As it has been adopted as a reference to the use of at least three languages in education.
As early as 1950 the government of India is a multilingual
He revealed the outlines of education policy. This training
policy, in their mother tongue, regional (or national) general communication in the language
and in one of the classical languages as Hindi language - Sanskrit, Pali,
Arabic or Persian - covers education. Bill, 1961
After three language formula revised (TLF) was called and
it includes training in the following languages; regional language, Hindi-unspoken
Hindi in the Hindi-speaking areas or areas other Indian
in one language, and English or in another European language.
EC (1995), in Beyazkitap (Whitebook), all European citizens
He opted for üçdillilig as a policy objective. Apart from the mother tongue,
At least two of every citizen "of the community languages" should learn. This policy
target of the EU Council in Barcelona (2002) and were followed. It
stage, "mother tongue" of the concept of member states to express the official language
and it was used for many citizens for Europe "mother tongue" and
"The official state language," the fact that the match was not ignored (Extra
and Gorter 2008: 44). At the same time, "community languages" concept other
Two members were used to express the state's official language. The recent
The EC document, a stranger with high international prestige
languages (English was not consciously expressed) and "neighboring language" as
one of the named expressions were used. This person last concept
not the language of the country next door neighbor in real life
It is the moment of the language. More recently the EC on this issue
The idea was developed in 2008 and the Communiqué numbered paragraph 4.1 Full
It called the language to be given:
In the current context of increased mobility and migration, national
language (languages) to specialize, successful integration and
is the basis for playing an active role in society.
Therefore non-indigenous people of the host country's language
their 'must include the one-plus-two' combination.
There are also untapped linguistic resources in our society:
different mother tongue and home, local and neighborhood environments
It should be given more value to other languages spoken.
For instance, children with different mother tongues - whether from the EU
or from a third country - in their school a second
The making of teaching the language as language difficulties, other
hand classmates to learn different languages and
motivates the openness to other cultures.
More connection between society considers
a look, for multilingualism and dialogue between cultures
The Commission's advisory group (Group of Intellectuals for
Intercultural Dialogue) (2008) also thought the
appropriate to be exploited 'personal can be selected
language 'has developed the concept.
CoA, without clearly indicating the number of languages to be learned, language
multilingualism and education from an early age of the individual
It plays a leading role in supporting the development
and the necessity to constantly Valuing all languages
It emphasizes. Also, variables and partial competence
He added the idea for putting out an interesting perspective.
Resolution 1969, which built on an intensified for Europe
modern language teaching program, Recommendation No. 814 (1977)
CoE 1982 Recommendation, R / M (82) 18, Member States
where possible, other members of all sections of the population
States (or of other communities within their own country)
provision of access to learn the language effectively
He urged. Similarly to the state, except the national language
a European language or the language of the vehicle about 10 students
or secondary education from the age when they begin to teach
He urges support. The Recommendation also states
to be found in a wide range of languages as possible
He made the call to the facilities made available. In addition to this code
Located into account the needs of migrant workers in the Recommendation
Taking urged to provide adequate facilities for them:
Community work where they live, politics and social life
The host communities so that they can play an active role
language learning, especially for skilled level of immigrants
children can get a proper education, their full
time-work transition from education, need their mother tongue
as well as cultural development and its vehicles
continuing to improve its links with culture.
The Committee of Ministers following the main Recommendation CM / R
(98) 6, CoA, in a range of languages in calling for a European
communication skills and the Member States to achieve the stage
They offered language diversifying and partial modular courses
each including qualifications aimed at improving
he wanted to achieve realistic goals for language editing.
Recommendations of the CoE's latest CM / Rec (2008) 7, the Member
State of the CoE's Common European Framework for Languages for the
(CEFR) is related to the use of and support çoğuldillilig.
Detailed an overview of EU policy on multilingualism
and analysis, Cullen et al (2008) is provided by.
These people, apart from English still against the additional language learning
it is noted that significant reluctance or resistance. This opinion
Not available in other languages, a significant increase in English learning
2009 is supported by the Eurostat data shows. Cullen and
friends, only one out of every five students additional language active European
and that the language skills of uneven geographically and culturally,
It indicates that collapsed. Aimed at supporting Multilingualism
The majority of the formal education sector activity, especially
It finds in secondary education. Cullen et al
(2008: iii-iv) and political support of the EU's multilingualism policy
In the context, the following conclusions were reached:
■ Multilingualism and linguistic differences sometimes political agenda
clash. Language learning policy, economic competitiveness and
Labor market mobility, such as "heavier" primarily by
It tends to be affected. The linguistic diversity policy, including
such as human rights and to "lighter" by subject
affected. Multilingualism policy, in terms of concrete steps
has been more than linguistic diversity policy priority.
■ The European Parliament's activities, the protection of minority languages
and to promote linguistic diversity and maintain consistent
It reflects the persistent effort. Since the late 1970s
The European Parliament, the Commission of the use of minority languages
including support and discrimination against all minority languages
Community legislation or application for review
a series of calls to act notified and published decisions.
However, serious problems for the Member States of these initiatives
is the lack of binding.
It is not supported. UNESCO in 1999. "multilingual education" statement
mother tongue, a regional or national language and an international language to be
As it has been adopted as a reference to the use of at least three languages in education.
As early as 1950 the government of India is a multilingual
He revealed the outlines of education policy. This training
policy, in their mother tongue, regional (or national) general communication in the language
and in one of the classical languages as Hindi language - Sanskrit, Pali,
Arabic or Persian - covers education. Bill, 1961
After three language formula revised (TLF) was called and
it includes training in the following languages; regional language, Hindi-unspoken
Hindi in the Hindi-speaking areas or areas other Indian
in one language, and English or in another European language.
EC (1995), in Beyazkitap (Whitebook), all European citizens
He opted for üçdillilig as a policy objective. Apart from the mother tongue,
At least two of every citizen "of the community languages" should learn. This policy
target of the EU Council in Barcelona (2002) and were followed. It
stage, "mother tongue" of the concept of member states to express the official language
and it was used for many citizens for Europe "mother tongue" and
"The official state language," the fact that the match was not ignored (Extra
and Gorter 2008: 44). At the same time, "community languages" concept other
Two members were used to express the state's official language. The recent
The EC document, a stranger with high international prestige
languages (English was not consciously expressed) and "neighboring language" as
one of the named expressions were used. This person last concept
not the language of the country next door neighbor in real life
It is the moment of the language. More recently the EC on this issue
The idea was developed in 2008 and the Communiqué numbered paragraph 4.1 Full
It called the language to be given:
In the current context of increased mobility and migration, national
language (languages) to specialize, successful integration and
is the basis for playing an active role in society.
Therefore non-indigenous people of the host country's language
their 'must include the one-plus-two' combination.
There are also untapped linguistic resources in our society:
different mother tongue and home, local and neighborhood environments
It should be given more value to other languages spoken.
For instance, children with different mother tongues - whether from the EU
or from a third country - in their school a second
The making of teaching the language as language difficulties, other
hand classmates to learn different languages and
motivates the openness to other cultures.
More connection between society considers
a look, for multilingualism and dialogue between cultures
The Commission's advisory group (Group of Intellectuals for
Intercultural Dialogue) (2008) also thought the
appropriate to be exploited 'personal can be selected
language 'has developed the concept.
CoA, without clearly indicating the number of languages to be learned, language
multilingualism and education from an early age of the individual
It plays a leading role in supporting the development
and the necessity to constantly Valuing all languages
It emphasizes. Also, variables and partial competence
He added the idea for putting out an interesting perspective.
Resolution 1969, which built on an intensified for Europe
modern language teaching program, Recommendation No. 814 (1977)
CoE 1982 Recommendation, R / M (82) 18, Member States
where possible, other members of all sections of the population
States (or of other communities within their own country)
provision of access to learn the language effectively
He urged. Similarly to the state, except the national language
a European language or the language of the vehicle about 10 students
or secondary education from the age when they begin to teach
He urges support. The Recommendation also states
to be found in a wide range of languages as possible
He made the call to the facilities made available. In addition to this code
Located into account the needs of migrant workers in the Recommendation
Taking urged to provide adequate facilities for them:
Community work where they live, politics and social life
The host communities so that they can play an active role
language learning, especially for skilled level of immigrants
children can get a proper education, their full
time-work transition from education, need their mother tongue
as well as cultural development and its vehicles
continuing to improve its links with culture.
The Committee of Ministers following the main Recommendation CM / R
(98) 6, CoA, in a range of languages in calling for a European
communication skills and the Member States to achieve the stage
They offered language diversifying and partial modular courses
each including qualifications aimed at improving
he wanted to achieve realistic goals for language editing.
Recommendations of the CoE's latest CM / Rec (2008) 7, the Member
State of the CoE's Common European Framework for Languages for the
(CEFR) is related to the use of and support çoğuldillilig.
Detailed an overview of EU policy on multilingualism
and analysis, Cullen et al (2008) is provided by.
These people, apart from English still against the additional language learning
it is noted that significant reluctance or resistance. This opinion
Not available in other languages, a significant increase in English learning
2009 is supported by the Eurostat data shows. Cullen and
friends, only one out of every five students additional language active European
and that the language skills of uneven geographically and culturally,
It indicates that collapsed. Aimed at supporting Multilingualism
The majority of the formal education sector activity, especially
It finds in secondary education. Cullen et al
(2008: iii-iv) and political support of the EU's multilingualism policy
In the context, the following conclusions were reached:
■ Multilingualism and linguistic differences sometimes political agenda
clash. Language learning policy, economic competitiveness and
Labor market mobility, such as "heavier" primarily by
It tends to be affected. The linguistic diversity policy, including
such as human rights and to "lighter" by subject
affected. Multilingualism policy, in terms of concrete steps
has been more than linguistic diversity policy priority.
■ The European Parliament's activities, the protection of minority languages
and to promote linguistic diversity and maintain consistent
It reflects the persistent effort. Since the late 1970s
The European Parliament, the Commission of the use of minority languages
including support and discrimination against all minority languages
Community legislation or application for review
a series of calls to act notified and published decisions.
However, serious problems for the Member States of these initiatives
is the lack of binding.
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